Yod tanqisligi mavjud bolalarda glomerulopatiyalarning klinik kechish xususiyatlari: adabiyotlar sharhi
Annotatsiya
Kirish. Yod tanqisligi hozirgi kunda dunyo bo‘ylab muhim mikroelement yetishmovchiligi muammolaridan biri bo‘lib, ayniqsa pediatrik populyatsiyada dolzarb ahamiyatga ega. U an’anaviy ravishda qalqonsimon bez funksiyasi buzilishi bilan bog‘liq deb qaraladi, biroq zamonaviy tadqiqotlar yod yetishmovchiligi buyrak patologiyalariga, jumladan glomerulopatiyalarga ham ta’sir ko‘rsatishi mumkinligini ko‘rsatmoqda.Tadqiqot maqsadi. Ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi yod tanqisligi mavjud bolalarda glomerulopatiyalarning klinik kechish xususiyatlari, patofiziologik mexanizmlari va kasallikning progressiya xususiyatlarini zamonaviy adabiyotlar asosida tizimli tahlil qilishdan iborat. Material va ussullar. Adabiyotlar sharhi usuli qo‘llanildi. Qalqonsimon bez va buyrak o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro bog‘liqlik, bolalarda glomerulyar kasalliklar hamda yod tanqisligining metabolik va immunologik ta’siriga oid ilmiy maqolalar tahlil qilindi. Klinik, eksperimental va epidemiologik tadqiqotlar natijalari umumlashtirildi. Natijalar va muhokama. Yod tanqisligi qalqonsimon bez gormonlari (T3, T4) sintezining kamayishiga olib kelib, metabolik jarayonlarning sekinlashishi, endotelial disfunktsiya va renin–angiotenzin–aldosteron tizimining faollashuvi bilan kechadi. Ushbu o‘zgarishlar glomerulyar filtratsiya tezligining pasayishi, proteinuriya rivojlanishi va buyrak shikastlanishining progressiyasiga olib keladi. Bundan tashqari, immun tizim faollashuvi, proinflamator sitokinlar (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α) oshishi, oksidativ stress va komplement tizimi faollashuvi glomerulyar shikastlanishni kuchaytiradi. Klinik jihatdan bunday bolalarda glomerulopatiyalar og‘irroq kechishi, barqaror proteinuriya, shish sindromi, arterial gipertenziya, GFT pasayishi va davolashga sust javob bilan xarakterlanadi. Tadqiqot natijalari yod tanqisligi nafaqat endokrin tizimga, balki buyrak faoliyatiga ham ta'sir ko'rsatishini ko'rsatadi. Bu natijalar Zimmermann va Pearce va boshqalarining tadqiqotlariga muvofiq keladi. Yod tanqisligi gipotiroidizm bilan bog'liq glomerulopatiyalar, proteinuriya va buyrak funksiyasining pasayishini kuchaytirishga olib keladi. Tadqiqotning klinik ahamiyati yod tanqisligi bor bolalarda glomerulopatiyalarni erta aniqlash va kompleks davolashning muhimligini ko'rsatadi. Bu davolashning samaradorligini oshirish va kasallikning ilgariylashini sekinlashtirish uchun zarur. Tadqiqotning kelgusidagi maqsadi yod tanqisligi va glomerulopatiyalar o'rtasidagi bog'liqlikni aniqlash va klinik shakllarni o'rganishdan iborat. Xulosa. Yod tanqisligi bolalarda glomerulopatiyalarning rivojlanishi va klinik kechishiga endokrin, immun va gemodinamik mexanizmlar orqali sezilarli ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Yod yetishmovchiligini erta aniqlash va korreksiya qilish hamda kompleks nefrologik-endokrinologik yondashuv kasallik prognozini yaxshilashda muhim ahamiyatga ega.
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