Bolalarda o‘tkir bronxial obstruksiyalarda proteolitik fermentlarning yoshga bog‘liq xususiyatlari
Annotatsiya
Kirish. Bolalarda o‘tkir bronxial obstruksiyalar (O‘BO) pediatriya amaliyotida kasalxonaga yotqizishning eng ko‘p uchraydigan sabablaridan biri bo‘lib qolmoqda. Surunkali bronx-o‘pka patologiyasining yuqori tarqalishi, klinik ko‘rinishlarining og‘irligi va rivojlanish xavfi muammoni zamonaviy tibbiyot uchun o‘ta muhim qilib qo‘ymoqda. Tadqiqotning maqsadi. Maktabgacha va kichik maktab yoshidagi bolalarda o‘tkir bronxial obstruksiyalar patogenezida proteolitik fermentlarning rolini aniqlash, shuningdek, neytrofil elastaza va α1 antitripsin o‘rtasidagi muvozanatni baholash. Tadqiqot materiallari va uslullari. Tadqiqotga o‘tkir obstruktiv bronxit bilan kasallangan 47 nafar bola 8kiritilgan. Bemorlar ikki yosh guruhiga bo‘lingan: maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar (3-6 yosh, n=28) va maktab o‘quvchilari (7-10 yosh, n=19). Klinik tekshiruv, neytrofil elastaza (NE) va α1 antitripsinni (α1 AT) laborator aniqlash, shuningdek, instrumental usullar (spirometriya, pulsoksimetriya, rentgenografiya) o‘tkazildi. Natijalar va muhokama.O‘tkazilgan tahlil davomida o‘tkir bronxial obstruksiyali bolalarda proteolitik fermentlar faolligi va ularning ingibitorlari darajasida yoshga qarab sezilarli farqlar aniqlandi. Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarda neytrofil elastaza (NE) konsentratsiyasi 188,6±5,77 ng/ml ni tashkil etdi. Maktab o‘quvchilarida NE darajasi sezilarli darajada past bo‘ldi - 159,4±8,79 ng/ml (15,5% ga kam, p≤0,05). Α1-antitripsin (α1AT) ko‘rsatkichlari ikkala yosh guruhida ham oshgan. Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarda -3,72±0,275 g/l; maktab yoshidagi bolalarda esa -3,29±0,119 g/l (p≤0,05) ni tashkil etdi. Xulosa. Olingan ma’lumotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, proteolitik fermentlar va ularning ingibitorlari o‘rtasidagi nomutanosiblik bolalik davrida nafas yo‘llarining shikastlanishining universal mexanizmi hisoblanadi. Uning ifodalanishi kasallik kechishining klinik xususiyatlarini belgilaydi va yangi diagnostik markerlar hamda maqsadli davolash strategiyalarini ishlab chiqish uchun asos bo‘lib xizmat qilishi mumkin.
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